Bank Rate,Call Rate,CRR,SLR,Repo Rate,Inflation

1.Bank Rate (5%)
This is the rate at which central bank lends money to other banks (or financial institutions).
The bank rate signals the central bank’s long-term outlook on interest rates. If the bank rate moves up, long-term interest rates also tend to move up, and vice-versa.

Banks make a profit by borrowing at a lower rate and lending the same funds at a higher rate of interest. If the central bank hikes the bank rate, the interest that a bank pays for borrowing money (banks borrow money either from each other or from the central bank) increases. It, in turn, hikes its own lending rates to ensure it continues to make a profit.

2.Call Rate (3.83%)
Call rate is the interest rate paid by the banks for lending and borrowing for daily fund requirement. Since banks need funds on a daily basis, they lend to and borrow from other banks according to their daily or short-term requirements on a regular basis.

3.CRR (6.5%)
Also called the cash reserve ratio, refers to a portion of deposits (as cash) which banks have to keep/maintain with the central bank. This serves two purposes. It ensures that a portion of bank deposits is totally risk-free and secondly it enables that central bank control liquidity in the system, and thereby, inflation by tying their hands in lending money

4.SLR (13% Conventional Banks. 5.5% for Islami Banks)
Besides the CRR, banks are required to invest a portion of their deposits in government securities as a part of their statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) requirements. What SLR does is again restrict the bank’s leverage in pumping more money into the economy.

5.Repo Rate (6.75%)
Repo rate is the rate at which banks borrow funds from the central bank to meet the gap between the demands they are facing for money (loans) and how much they have on hand to lend. So, Repo Rate is the rate at which the central bank of a country lends money to the commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. If Bangladesh Bank wants to make it more expensive for the banks to borrow money, it increases the repo rate; similarly, if it wants to make it cheaper for banks to borrow money, it reduces the repo rate.

6.Reverse Repo Rate (4.75%)

This is the exact opposite of repo rate. The rate at which the central bank borrows money from the banks is termed the reverse repo rate. The central bank uses this tool when it feels there is too much money floating in the banking system.

7.Inflation -5.57% ( Expected 5.5% FY -2017-18)
Inflation is the continuous and persistent rise in the level of price. Inflation is the overall general upward price movement of goods and services in an economy — often caused by an increase in the supply of money. Sudden rise in the price level is not calculated as inflation. The rise in price due to the holy month of Ramadan is not counted as inflation because it is sudden/seasonal rise in the price level. Moderate inflation (3% to 5%) is good for any economy. Inflation happens when there are less goods and more buyers; this will result in increase in the price of goods as there is more demand and less supply of the goods.

• Types of Inflation:
-Creeping Inflation: A sustained rise in prices of annual increases of less than 3% per year
-Walking Inflation: 3% to 6% per year
-Running Inflation: around 10% per year
-Hyperinflation: 20% to 30% or more (Inflation in Argentina and Brazil during 1970-80 was 50% to 700%)

• Gross National Product (GNP)
Gross National Product (GNP) is an estimated value of the total worth of production and services by the citizens of a country on its own land or on foreign land calculated on the basis of a year.
GNP= GDP+NR (Net income flow from assets abroad or net income receipts) – NP (net payment outflow to foreign assets).

• Gross National Income (GNI)
Gross National Income (GNI) is the sum of a nation‘s gross domestic product (GDP) plus net income received from overseas. GNI is defined as the sum of value added by all producers who are residents in a nation, plus any product taxes (minus subsidies) not included in output— plus income received from abroad such as employee compensation and property income. GNI measures income received by a country both domestically and from overseas. In this respect, GNI is quite similar to Gross National Product (GNP) which measures output from the citizens and companies of a particular nation regardless of whether they are located within its boundaries or overseas.

• GDP (GDP growth rate - 7.24%, Expected GDP -7.40%)
Gross Domestic Product is the financial value of the products and services which are produced within a country‘s geographical area in a certain period of time usually in a year. So, GDP is an estimated value of the total worth of a country‘s production and services, within its boundary, by its nationals and foreigners, calculated on the basis of a year.

• Real GDP
Real GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced this year but valued at the prices that prevailed in some specific year in the past. Real GDP = consumption + investment + (government spending) + (exports – imports)

• Nominal GDP
Nominal GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced this year but valued these goods and services at the current prices.

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Abdullah Al Roman

Bank Rate,Call Rate,CRR,SLR,Repo Rate,Inflation

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